在中国,对于控制人口增长和有计划发展人口的认识,是一个实践——认识——再实践——再认识,逐步深化的过程。我国解决人口问题经历了30多年的历程,才终于走上一条具有中国特色的实行

印度是世界上开展计划生育较早的国家。印度政府一向十分重视对人口增长的控制,为计划生育工作提供大量预算拨款。印度的计划生育工作在政府的直接干预下是有成效的,1965—1980年期间人口出生率下降19.9％,总和生育率下降18.7％。有些地方,如喀拉拉邦、卡尔那塔邦和泰米尔纳德邦等,计划生育工作搞得较好,人口出生率

Population and family planning legislation was initiated in China in late 1970s, and has prepared several draft copies. There has been a consensus on the necessity of the legislation among the government leaders at all levels and the masses, the population and family planning law, however, has not been formulated because of the large difference between the state policy requirements and fertility desires of the masses. 1990s has witnessed dramatic changes in China's population and family planning situation characterized by fertility reduction to the below-replacement level. Responsible for this change are family planning administrative mechanisms on the one hand, and the ideological and conceptual revolution occurred in the context of the market economy which has shaken the traditional fertility norms on the other. Also important is the transition of the family planning work from a management-centered manner to a service-oriented approach, which has received increasing understanding and support throughout China. The revolutionary transformation in the working ideology and style of China's family Planning leads to changes in the working environment of family planning that has provided very favourable conditions and created a best opportunity for coming out of China's population and family planning law. In this issue of "Population and Development Forum", four scholars are invited to write on this topic.

搞清楚中国计划生育管理的性质特点,对于提高计划生育的管理水平是十分必要的。目前在这个问题上,认识是不很一致的。本文想就此问题发表一些看法。

20世纪 90年代以来 ,特别是 1 994年国际人发大会以来 ,中国的计划生育事业正在经历着一场深刻的变革。经过几年的实践 ,现在我们已经有条件也有可能对中国计划生育改革的若干重要的方面来作一些比较系统的探索和讨论。本文从中国的人口态势和社会发展变化 ,中国计划生育的改革和“优质服务” ,中国计划生育的改革和“综合改革” ,中国计划生育的改革和“计生协的发展”等 4个方面开展对中国计划生育改革的讨论。

Following on the journal’s last "Population and Development Forum" on commemorating the 30th anniversary of the Open Letter, this issue of the Forum extends the discussion on significance of the Open Letter and the unique model of China’s birth planning and demographic transition. Three scholars, namely Yang Wenzhuang, Liu Shuang and Wang Jinying, have been invited to contribute to this discussion. Yang summarizes the history and changes of China’s birth planning policy, arguing that birth planning in China initially adopted an approach of family planning by government support, which was changed to state planning by coercive measures, further to policy adjustment and reform, and finally to one that is human-centered with unified planning comprehensively addressing population issues. Liu suggests that China’s birth planning be assessed in a historical perspective and placed in the context of societal changes, and its enormous demographic and socio-economic effects are largely positive and long-lasting. Wang have worked out quantitatively the demographic, economic and environmental impact of China’s birth planning with the options it offers for future social and economic development.

以严格的胎次政策为主要特征的中国计划生育,是植根于中国土壤的独特的事物。它产生了,发展了,取得了历史性的成果,引起了国际性的议论。有人嘲讽,有人诅咒,有人热烈地赞扬。学者们则对它进行冷静的观察、思考和研究,以至逐渐形成了一门计划生育的学问。 计划生育是怎样产生和发展的?它最初怎样,

本文分析了中国的人口态势 ,认为中国计划生育工作所处的社会经济形势正在发生巨大变化 ,计划生育事业为深化改革、为适应优质服务的要求、须进一步进行综合改革 ,同时要发挥好计生委、计生协各自的职能和作用。

一 如何看待人权和人权保障的实现 人权问题实际上涉及到的是一个伦理学问题。确切地说,涉及到的是规范伦理学的问题。因为规范伦理学要回答的问题是,我们应该做什么。换句话说,我们应该根据什么原则安排我们的生活。不同的文化、不同

党的十一届三中全会以来,我国在法制建设方面明确了“有法可依,有法必依,执法必严,违法必究”的指导思想。立法工作进展迅速。这是社会主义四个现代化建设的需要,是国家长治久安的重要措施。为了适

七十年代以来,我国广泛开展了计划生育工作,并从多方面对计划生育工作做了评价与研究。如生育率分析,影响生育率多因素的研究等等。但对计划生育效果的研究还不多见。本文从避免出生人口数方面对上海县及定海县计划生育效果进行了研究与探讨,希望能给决策部门提供有

(一) 人口发展理论研究的主要任务,就是要在探索人口发展规律的基础上,找出人口发展战略的最优方案。这就是说,我们的人口发展战略不能仅仅是人口发展规律的消极反映,而是要积极地自觉地运用人口发展规律,为我们的社会经济发展战略目标服务。

中国生育率迅速下降,举世瞩目。在50年代和60年代,中国的总和生育率还在6左右摆动,粗出生率高于30‰,这两个指标都位于世界的高水平。根据国家计生委的调查资料,我国80年代的总和生育率已经下降到2.5左右,粗出生率低于20‰,进入了世界低生育水平国家的行列。中国的生育率在短短十几年内以惊人的速度下降到更替水平,不能不引起世界各国的关注。由于中国人口约占世界人口的22%,是世界上人口最多的国家,中国人口的迅速

近年来,天津、山西、辽宁、吉林、浙江、安徽、福建、山东、湖北、广东、广西、四川、贵州、陕西、宁夏、青海等省、自治区、直辖市,根据中央有关计划生育的指导思想和方针政策,结合本地实际,制定并实施了《计划生育条例》(有的叫暂行规定)。这是计划生育工作中的一件大事,标志着我国的计划生育工作开始被纳入法制轨道,进入依法实施计划生育、控制人口的新阶段。这对于保持计划生育政策的稳定性和