【摘要】In this paper, we apply the translog cost function as proposed by Aigner et al (1977) to derive measures of X inefficiency and scale inefficiency, under the assumption that the errors are distributed half normal, then we test the structure performance relationship in Chinese banking. From the results, we find that only scale inefficiency have a positive and significant relationship with profitability, but the other variables havenot. That is to say, we do not find evidence to support the structure conduct performance hypothesis in Chinese banking industry. However, we donot find evidence to support the efficient performance hypothesis either.